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A dust collection system is an accessory found in commercial and
home woodworking shops used to collect wood dust, chips and shavings at
the point of origin. Dust collection systems work on the same principle
as central vacuum systems in homes: A fixed motor creates suction,
which is distributed through the space via a network of rigid ducting
and flexible hoses to the point of use. Suction can be further
regulated with the use of blast gates.
Types of Systems
Smaller dust collection systems use a 'single-stage' vacuum unit to
create suction and perform air filtration where the waste material is
drawn into an impeller and deposited into a container (bag, barrel,
canister, etc). Air is recirculated into the shop after passing through
an filter to trap smaller particulate.
Larger systems utilize a dual-stage (or two-stage) system, which
separates larger particles from fine dust using a precollection device
(cyclone, baffled canister, etc) before drawing the air through the
impeller. Air from these units can then be exhausted outdoors or
filtered and recirculated back into the work space.
Dust collection systems are often part of a larger air quality
management program that also includes large airborne particle
filtration units mounted to the ceiling of shop spaces and mask systems
to be worn by workers. Air filtration units are designed to process
large volumes of air to remove fine particles (2 to 10 micrometres)
suspended in the air. Masks are available in a variety of forms, from
simple cotton face masks to elaborate respirators with tanked air — the
need for which is determined by the environment in which the worker is
operating.
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