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A router is one of the most versatile tools
in the workshop of a woodworker. They have varied uses such as cutting
patterns, duplicating shapes, trimming edges, laminating, making signs,
cutting shapes and profiles into the edge of boards, amongst many
others. Routers are compatible with an array of bits available, making
them indispensable for most projects. Routers are broadly categorized
in two types: plunge routers and fix base routers.
The key feature that sets plunge routers
apart from fixed based routers is the plunge mechanism. Also, in a
Plunge Router one can adjust the depth of cut while the router is
turned on. Additionally, the depth stops allow the routers to plunge
accurately to the appropriate depth while in use. Due to the plunge
mechanism, these routers are heavier than fixed base routers. Plunge
routers can also be used in projects where cutting mortises, dados,
stopped groves, and incised letters are required.
Features and working of plunge routers
Plunge routers are powered by motors that are
typically rated in horsepower (hp). Higher the horsepower, more
powerful is the tool; however the weight is also higher. Generally,
these plunge routers have of 2 to 3.50 hp motors. These horsepower
ratings are assigned by the manufacturers themselves. Whenever, the
tool has a power rating in amps, its performance is tested and assigned
by Underwriter Laboratories (UL). The power rating varies from router
to router and manufacturer to manufacturer. The motor generates a high
torque by rotating at 20,000 to 30,000 revolutions per minute (rpm).
The high rpm rate complements the small size of the bit.
The bits of the router are described by their
shank size (the part of the bit that fits into the router). Typically,
a router bit is available in three sizes: 1/4, 3/8, and 1/2 inch. The
Electronic Variable Speed (EVS) technology allows the user to adjust
the speed of the bit. Changing of the bit is the next concern of the
operator. There are different ways of changing the bit of the plunge
router; either using a single wrench along with a spindle lock, or
using two matching Wrenches. If the router has a spindle lock, then the
user requires only one wrench to change the bit. In a router with a
dual wrench, one wrench is used on the collet, whereas the other wrench
fixes on to the top like a key and holds the shaft. This prevents the
collet from spinning. Recently, there have been routers available in
the market that does not require any tool while changing the bit.
Depending on the manufacturer, the placement
and type of the router switch varies. Broadly there are two different
types of switch styles: “Toggle Switches” and “Trigger Switches”. A
trigger switch resembles the switch on a Circular saw; whereas a toggle
switch is similar to a light switch. In a trigger switch the router is
ON only when the switch is pressed. For continuous application of the
plunge router one can lock the switch in the ON position.
Plunge routers are often complimented with accessories such as jigs
that help in making table legs, dovetail joints, and others. The edge
guide keeps the router at a fixed distance from the work piece;
therefore it is commonly used while routing a straight profile on a
board. For inlay work, sign making, and pattern making, the router is
fitted with a bushing. The router table enables the router to be
inverted and can be used as a sharpener for making moldings and while
working on small pieces.
What to look for in a plunge router
While making a decision on purchasing a
plunge router, it is important to consider the project that the router
is needed for, the amount of time that the router will be used, and the
budget. Accordingly, there are three things that one should look for in
a router: smart body, simplicity, and convenience while operating the
tool. One should also check the power-to-weight ratio of the tool. From
the wide range of routers available, it is advisable to select the
router that is compatible with a 1/2 inch bit; since, these routers
generally accept 1/4 inch bit sizes too. The plunge router with a
special adapter or a different collet gives flexibility for expanding
the bit selection. The plunge routers that are compatible with 1/4 inch
bit sizes often do not offer this flexibility.
The other important factor is the quick bit
changing system. A spindle lock system is preferable. Easy and accurate
Fence adjustment is the next feature to consider while purchasing a
router. The tool should have a simple procedure for choosing the
settings. The buyer should also be assured that minimal or no chiseling
is required after the tool is used for mortising a hinge or cutting
hardware.
The body of the tool should be safe, well
laid out, and easily serviceable. Moreover, it is vital to see if the
tool body feels comfortable in the user’s hands while in operation.
Also, check the accessories packaged with the tool including the number
of spare bits. The edge guide for the tool should be selected
carefully. The seal-bearing guide is one of the better options. The
visibility of the bit while in operation is important, to ensure
precision of the work. This is mostly possible in plunge routers with a
clear plastic base. However, the clear plastic base routers are not as
durable as routers with a combination of a metal and plastic base. Some
routers even have a work light, and/or a micro-adjustment system as an
accessory that gives additional value to the product. Some of the
plunge routers have the twist-and-lock system that enables the motor to
slide up or down in the housing, allowing the user to adjust the base
as required.
It is also important to consider the bit size
and the types that the tool is compatible with. Routers with adjustable
speed offer the additional advantage of controlling the bit while
cutting intricate lines.
Some reputed manufacturers of plunge routers
include Makita, DeWalt, TD Industrial, Porter Cable, and Bosch.
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