A polisher is a versatile power tool used to render a variety of materials such as wood and metal with a smooth finish. This tool is generally used by masons, carpenters and other skilled workers. The polisher speeds up a task that would take much longer if performed by hand, thus saving both time and energy for the worker. Besides enhancing the aesthetic appeal of many items, the polisher can also improve the functionality of many products, such as shafts, valves, and pistons, whose functionality depends on the smooth outer finish. Some common applications of Polishers include finishing, scrubbing, paint buffing, and sanding. The tool can also be used to remove old paint from furniture, resurface stained or discolored wood, remove rust, and smoothen edges, and corners or different articles. Most polishers can double up as sanders. The polisher’s performance is strong enough to render the surface a completely clearcoat finish. In automobile workshops, the polisher is used to polish car bodies.

Features and working of a polisher

The polisher performs its task through the friction generated by bringing the rapidly oscillating disc of the tool in contact with the surface to be polished. The rotational motion of the polisher is powered by an approximately 10 amp motor generating a maximum output of around 4000 revolutions per minute (rpm). A variable speed feature enables the user to change the operating speed, depending on the application concerned. Better control is provided with a pre-set speed modifying dial. Some polishers have a built in tachometer generator for precise speed control.   

Durability is enhanced with the incorporation of a die cast aluminum gear housing. To optimize functionality, the gears are heat treated and precision machined. Ground and hardened bevel gears ensure long life and lower vibrations. Polishers which incorporate random orbit sanders also have two operating modes; swirl-free fine sanding and more forceful rough sanding modes. For fine finishing, generally a micro-cellular backing pad is used. The body of the tool is sturdily built and a wide rubber platform ensures stability. An ergonomically designed handle helps in polishing tasks in hard to reach areas. Shut-off carbon brushes prevent undue damage to the motor.

Some polishers, called pneumatic polishers, are powered by compressed air having an air consumption of around 29 cubic feet per minute (CFM). These polishers have a muffled handle exhaust. A flex edge polishing pad minimizes the chance of scorching. An automatic release trigger with a positive stop action helps in uninterrupted performance.

What to look for in a polisher

For added stability and better tool grip, most polishers have a moveable side handle offering the user a double-handed work feature. Since the pressure on the hands is divided, fatigue caused during prolonged use is minimized. When the tool is overloaded, an electronic speed control facility ensures that the speed remains constant to prevent armature failure. An efficient fan helps to cool the motor, which is especially important when the polisher is used for long periods. There is a built-in air regulator for more consistent performance. Additionally a built-in lock on button allows the tool to run at the same speed for long periods of time without user intervention.

A three-pronged plug avoids the build up of static electricity. Manufacturers have intentionally kept the weight of the tool low and ensured even weight distribution to increase maneuverability and reduce wrist strain. A soft start facility prevents the sudden buildup of torque when the tool is started, which could result in damage to the surface. A high power-to-weight ratio, coupled with a motor-over-pad design increases the efficiency of the tool. Externally accessible brush caps make the tool easily serviced. Most moving components of the tool are rendered with ball bearings to minimise any wear and tear due to friction. A convenient spindle lock enables easy changing of the polishing pad.

As is seen with most sanding and polishing tools, there is bound to be a certain amount of dust being produced. An efficient dust collection system with integrated air deflection will ensure a clean environment for the user and also prevent any chips from getting in between the polishing pad and the surface, which could cause marring. An intrinsic pad dampening system avoids swirl marks from becoming visible and adversely affecting the finish. To prevent damage to user’s ears, the sound emitted by the polisher should not exceed around 102 decibels.

Some reputed manufacturers of polishers include Black and Decker, Bosch, Chicago Pneumatic, Dewalt, Grip, Flex, Hutchins, Makita, McCulloch, Meguiar, Milwaukee, Performance, Polishmaster, and Viking.

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